Hestamenn geta gert margt til \u00feess a\u00f0 minnka l\u00edkur \u00e1 slysum \u00ed hestamennskunni. Margt bendir til d\u00e6mis til \u00feess a\u00f0 almenn notkun rei\u00f0hj\u00e1lma hafi dregi\u00f0 \u00far alvarlegum h\u00f6fu\u00f0\u00e1verkum hestamanna ef marka m\u00e1 ranns\u00f3kn sem Edda P\u00e1lsd\u00f3ttir ger\u00f0i fyrir B.S. lokaverkefni sitt \u00ed l\u00e6knisfr\u00e6\u00f0i fr\u00e1 H\u00e1sk\u00f3la \u00cdslands \u00e1ri\u00f0 2013.<\/p>\n
\u00cd erlendum ranns\u00f3knum sem Edda v\u00edsar til kemur fram a\u00f0 fleiri hestaslys ver\u00f0a hj\u00e1 \u00feeim sem eru \u00f3vanari \u00ed hestamennsku, en hlutfallslega eru slysin alvarlegri hj\u00e1 \u00feeim sem eru vanari. \u00c1 t\u00edmabilinu 1995-2012 ur\u00f0u 49 hestaslys sem leiddu til alvarlegra hrygg\u00e1verka og voru \u00fea\u00f0 \u00feessi slys sem Edda rannsaka\u00f0i s\u00e9rstaklega.<\/p>\n
Edda telur a\u00f0 uppgangur \u00ed \u00edslensku efnahagsl\u00edfi \u00e1 \u00e1runum 2003-2006 hafi valdi\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 \u00e1 \u00feessu fj\u00f6gurra \u00e1ra t\u00edmabili hafi or\u00f0i\u00f0 umtalsvert fleiri hestaslys sem h\u00f6f\u00f0u alvarlega hrygg\u00e1verka \u00ed f\u00f6r me\u00f0 s\u00e9r en \u00e1 \u00f6\u00f0rum fj\u00f6gurra \u00e1ra t\u00edmabilum \u00ed ranns\u00f3kninni, e\u00f0a 20 af 49 sem ur\u00f0u \u00e1 \u00e1runum 1995-2012. \u00c1 \u00feessum \u00e1rum var\u00f0 umtalsver\u00f0 fj\u00f6lgun \u00e1 i\u00f0kendum rei\u00f0mennsku samkv\u00e6mt t\u00f6lum fr\u00e1 \u00cd\u00fer\u00f3tta- og \u00d3lymp\u00edusambandi \u00cdslands. H\u00fan telur hluta af sk\u00fdringunni vera \u00fe\u00e1 a\u00f0 \u00feeir sem hafi byrja\u00f0 \u00ed hestamennsku \u00e1 \u00feessum t\u00edma hafi keypt s\u00e9r hesta umfram eigin getu. Athygli vekur a\u00f0 h\u00fan telur a\u00f0 hestur sem er samkv\u00e6mt r\u00e6ktunarmarkmi\u00f0i fyrir \u00edslenska hrossakyni\u00f0 henti e.t.v. ekki byrjendum. Hann \u00e1 a\u00f0 vera fj\u00f6lh\u00e6fur, taktfastur og \u00f6ruggur, viljugur og ge\u00f0pr\u00fa\u00f0ur hestur sem fer gl\u00e6silega \u00ed rei\u00f0, \u00fear sem mikil \u00e1hersla er l\u00f6g\u00f0 \u00e1 vilja og gl\u00e6sileik og mikla f\u00f3tlyftu. H\u00fan telur a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 g\u00e6ti veri\u00f0 betra fyrir byrjendur a\u00f0 velja \u00fe\u00e9ttbygg\u00f0ari, minna viljugan og mj\u00fakgengan hest frekar en v\u00f6\u00f0vast\u00e6ltan og spengiviljugan g\u00e6\u00f0ing.<\/p>\n
Alvarlegustu slysin ver\u00f0a \u00ed ma\u00ed, en s\u00ed\u00f0an \u00ed apr\u00edl og j\u00fal\u00ed. F\u00e6st slys ur\u00f0u \u00ed okt\u00f3ber og endurspeglar \u00feetta \u00e1 hva\u00f0a \u00e1rst\u00edma rei\u00f0mennska er mest stundu\u00f0. Edda telur sk\u00fdringuna \u00e1 \u00feessum mikla fj\u00f6lda slysa \u00ed ma\u00ed vera a\u00f0 svo s\u00ed\u00f0la vors er oft komi\u00f0 miki\u00f0 fj\u00f6r \u00ed hesta. Hestar \u00e1 \u00fatigangi sj\u00e1st oft a\u00f0 klj\u00e1st og hlaupa um \u00e1 har\u00f0aspretti. Hins vegar \u00feurfa hestar \u00e1 h\u00fasi a\u00f0 vera inni mest allan daginn. Hestarnir eru \u00fe\u00e1 oft a\u00f0 springa \u00far vilja \u00feegar eigendurnir skella s\u00e9r \u00e1 hestbak.<\/p>\n
…\u00feeir sem hafi byrja\u00f0 \u00ed hestamennsku \u00e1 \u00feessum t\u00edma hafi keypt s\u00e9r hesta umfram eigin getu.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n
Slysin sem voru \u00ed \u00fartaki ranns\u00f3knarinnar hlutust \u00f6ll af \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 knapinn datt af baki. \u00dea\u00f0 samr\u00e6mist samb\u00e6rilegum erlendum ranns\u00f3knum. A\u00f0eins eitt d\u00e6mi var um slys h\u00e9r \u00e1 landi \u00fear sem hestur sparka\u00f0i \u00ed knapa, en \u00fea\u00f0 ger\u00f0ist \u00ed kj\u00f6lfar \u00feess a\u00f0 knapi datt af baki. \u00cd flestum tilfellum datt knapi af baki vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 hestur hrekkti, e\u00f0a \u00ed 22% tilvika. \u00cd sumum tilfellum kom \u00fe\u00f3 ekki fram hvernig hesturinn n\u00e1\u00f0i knapanum af s\u00e9r \u00fe\u00f3 komi\u00f0 hafi fram a\u00f0 hann hafi hent honum.<\/p>\n
N\u00e6stflest tilfelli, e\u00f0a um 20%, ur\u00f0u \u00feegar hestur hnaut. Edda telur orsakirnar ef til vill a\u00f0 \u00e1 \u00feessum t\u00edma t\u00ed\u00f0ka\u00f0ist \u00ed auknum m\u00e6li a\u00f0 hafa h\u00f3fa lengri og \u00feyngja. H\u00fan vitnar \u00ed Sigur\u00f0 Torfa Sigur\u00f0sson j\u00e1rningamann sem segir a\u00f0 \u00feyngingar s\u00e9u oft ger\u00f0ar til \u00feess a\u00f0 n\u00e1 fram st\u00e6rri hreyfingum og meiri f\u00f3talyftu hj\u00e1 hestinum. Hann bendi \u00e1 a\u00f0 \u00feetta geti leitt til \u00feess a\u00f0 hesturinn hreyfi sig \u00e1 h\u00e1tt sem honum er ekki e\u00f0lilegur. \u00dea\u00f0 geti jafnvel ska\u00f0a\u00f0 f\u00e6tur hestsins sog auki\u00f0 l\u00edkurnar \u00e1 a\u00f0 hann hrasi. \u00de\u00e1 beri nokku\u00f0 \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 hestaeigendur passi ekki n\u00e6gilega upp \u00e1 a\u00f0 endurn\u00fdja j\u00e1rningar \u00e1 hestum s\u00ednum.<\/p>\n
\u00cd fimm tilfellum rauk hestur me\u00f0 knapa me\u00f0 \u00feeim aflei\u00f0ingum a\u00f0 hann f\u00e9ll af baki.<\/p>\n
H\u00f6fu\u00f0\u00e1verkar<\/h3>\n
\u00derett\u00e1n einstaklingar \u00ed \u00fartakinu e\u00f0a 27% voru me\u00f0 h\u00f6fu\u00f0\u00e1verka sem skr\u00e1\u00f0a greiningu auk hryggbrotsins. Samkv\u00e6mt erlendum ranns\u00f3knum er algengt a\u00f0 \u00feeir sem hlj\u00f3ti hrygg\u00e1verka hlj\u00f3ti einnig h\u00f6fu\u00f0\u00e1verka og hlutfalli\u00f0 mun h\u00e6rra. Edda veltir \u00fev\u00ed fyrir s\u00e9r hvort m\u00f6guleg sk\u00fdring \u00e1 l\u00e1gu hlutfalli h\u00f6fu\u00f0\u00e1verka s\u00e9 hvernig knapar detta af baki. \u00cd \u00feeim tilfellum \u00fear sem broti\u00f0 er ne\u00f0arlega \u00e1 hryggs\u00falunni getur veri\u00f0 a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 falli\u00f0 af hestinum hafi knapi komi\u00f0 fyrst ni\u00f0ur \u00e1 hli\u00f0ina e\u00f0a \u00ed sitjandi st\u00f6\u00f0u en ekki \u00e1 h\u00f6fu\u00f0i\u00f0.<\/p>\n
\u00d6nnur l\u00edkleg sk\u00fdring er a\u00f0 \u00feeir sem lentu \u00ed slysunum hafi veri\u00f0 me\u00f0 hj\u00e1lm sem vernda\u00f0i \u00fe\u00e1 fyrir h\u00f6fu\u00f0\u00e1verkum. Ekki er \u00fe\u00f3 h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 fullyr\u00f0a um hj\u00e1lmanotkun \u00fat fr\u00e1 \u00feessari ranns\u00f3kn \u00fev\u00ed einungis var skr\u00e1\u00f0 \u00ed n\u00edu tilfellum a\u00f0 vi\u00f0komandi hafi veri\u00f0 me\u00f0 hj\u00e1lm \u00feegar slys var\u00f0. Edda telur \u00e1hugavert a\u00f0 rannsaka betur tengsl h\u00f6fu\u00f0\u2013 og hrygg\u00e1verka vegna hestaslysa sem og hj\u00e1lmanotkun hestamanna.<\/p>\n
Fleiri konur hryggbrotna en karlar<\/h3>\n
Fleiri konur hryggbrotnu\u00f0u en karlar vegna hestaslysa \u00e1 ranns\u00f3knart\u00edmabilinu og var munurinn markt\u00e6kur fyrir t\u00edmabili\u00f0 1999-2012. M\u00f6guleg sk\u00fdring \u00e1 \u00feessum mun milli kynjanna er a\u00f0 konum \u00ed hestamennsku fj\u00f6lga\u00f0i meira en k\u00f6rlum \u00e1 ranns\u00f3knart\u00edmabilinu samkv\u00e6mt \u00cdS\u00cd. Konum \u00e1 t\u00edmabilinu fj\u00f6lga\u00f0i um 3050 (131% hlutfallsleg aukning) en k\u00f6rlum um 2008 (52% hlutfallsleg aukning). Ekki er \u00fe\u00f3 v\u00edst a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 sk\u00fdri allan muninn, en \u00fdmsar erlendar ranns\u00f3knir hafa bent til \u00feess a\u00f0 fleiri konur ver\u00f0i fyrir hestaslysum en karlar. Ein \u00feessara ranns\u00f3kna bendir til \u00feess a\u00f0 konur v\u00e6ru l\u00edklegri til a\u00f0 slasast \u00ed hestaslysum en karlar. M\u00f6gulega sk\u00fdrir munur \u00e1 beinabyggingu kvenna og karla muninn a\u00f0 einhverju leyti, en konur hafa veikbygg\u00f0ari bein en karlar. \u00dea\u00f0 \u00feyrfti a\u00f0 rannsaka \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0ur \u00feess a\u00f0 konur hryggbrotna frekar en karlar vi\u00f0 hestaslys n\u00e1nar.\u00cd \u00fartakinu voru \u00ferj\u00fa b\u00f6rn 18 \u00e1ra e\u00f0a yngri sem hryggbrotnu\u00f0u.<\/p>\n
Hvernig m\u00e1 koma \u00ed veg fyrir slys?<\/h3>\n
Ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0ur Eddu eru a\u00f0 lykilatri\u00f0i til a\u00f0 koma \u00ed veg fyrir slys \u00ed hestamennsku s\u00e9 g\u00f3\u00f0 samskipti knapa og hests. \u00dea\u00f0 er \u00e1 \u00e1byrg\u00f0 eiganda hestsins a\u00f0 hugsa vel um hann og kynna s\u00e9r hvernig a\u00f0b\u00fana\u00f0i hans og umhir\u00f0u s\u00e9 best h\u00e1tta\u00f0. \u00de\u00f3 markmi\u00f0 ranns\u00f3knarinnar hafi ekki veri\u00f0 a\u00f0 kj\u00f6rb\u00fana\u00f0i og umhir\u00f0u hesta bendir Edda \u00fe\u00f3 \u00e1 nokkur atri\u00f0i sem h\u00fan telur a\u00f0 betur megi fara til a\u00f0 koma \u00ed veg fyrir slys.<\/p>\n
\u201e\u00deegar t\u00ed\u00f0ni slysa er sko\u00f0u\u00f0 vakna upp spurningar um hvort byrjendur \u00ed rei\u00f0mennsku s\u00e9u a\u00f0 velja s\u00e9r hesta vi\u00f0 sitt h\u00e6fi. Gangg\u00f3\u00f0ur fj\u00f6lskylduhestur er l\u00edklega oft betri kostur en keppnishestur fyrir \u00fe\u00e1 sem eru a\u00f0 byrja \u00ed hestamennsku.<\/p>\n
\u00deegar t\u00edmasetning slysa er sko\u00f0u\u00f0 er hugsanlegt a\u00f0 h\u00e6gt v\u00e6ri a\u00f0 koma \u00ed veg fyrir hluta af \u00feeim slysum sem ver\u00f0a \u00e1 vorin me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 sj\u00e1 til \u00feess a\u00f0 hesturinn f\u00e1i a\u00f0 vera n\u00e6gilega miki\u00f0 \u00fati og f\u00e1i reglulega hreyfingu.<\/p>\n
\u00deegar orsakir slysa eru sko\u00f0a\u00f0ar er h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 benda \u00e1 nokkrar lei\u00f0ir til a\u00f0 draga \u00far l\u00edkum \u00e1 slysum. Me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 passa upp \u00e1 a\u00f0 j\u00e1rningar hesta s\u00e9u \u00ed lagi v\u00e6ri m\u00f6gulega h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 f\u00e6kka slysum sem ver\u00f0a vi\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 hestur hrasar. Einnig skiptir m\u00e1li a\u00f0 knapinn kunni a\u00f0 breg\u00f0ast r\u00e9tt vi\u00f0 ef hestur hrasar me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 halla s\u00e9r aftur \u00e1 bak \u00ed hnakknum og toga \u00ed tauminn. Me\u00f0 \u00feessu l\u00e9ttir knapinn \u00feyngdina \u00e1 her\u00f0ar hestsins svo hann \u00e1 au\u00f0veldara me\u00f0 a\u00f0 koma aftur undir sig f\u00f3tunum. Ef knapinn bregst vi\u00f0 \u00e1 \u00feennan h\u00e1tt minnkar hann einnig l\u00edkurnar \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 steypast sj\u00e1lfur fram af hestinum. Ef knapinn \u00feekkir hvernig hestur l\u00e6tur \u00ed lj\u00f3s hr\u00e6\u00f0slu og rei\u00f0i getur hann greint a\u00f0st\u00e6\u00f0ur \u00e1\u00f0ur en komi\u00f0 er \u00ed \u00f3efni. Mikilv\u00e6gt er a\u00f0 knapinn geri greinarmun \u00e1 hr\u00e6ddum hesti og \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 hestur s\u00fdni \u00f3\u00feverraskap. \u00deegar hestar rj\u00faka e\u00f0a hrekkja er orsakanna oftar a\u00f0 leita hj\u00e1 knapa en hesti og \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ir l\u00edti\u00f0 a\u00f0 skamma hr\u00e6ddan hest. Hestar hlusta eftir og l\u00e6ra a\u00f0 \u00feekkja r\u00f6dd knapans. R\u00f3andi r\u00f6dd sem hestur \u00feekkir getur haft miki\u00f0 a\u00f0 segja \u00ed a\u00f0st\u00e6\u00f0um sem hesturinn hr\u00e6\u00f0ist. Einnig g\u00e6ti g\u00f3\u00f0 lei\u00f0 veri\u00f0 a\u00f0 venja hest vi\u00f0 hluti sem vekja me\u00f0 honum \u00f3tta. Svo \u00fearf knapi a\u00f0 hafa grundvallaratri\u00f0i, eins og a\u00f0 gj\u00f6r\u00f0in s\u00e9 hert og \u00edst\u00f6\u00f0 m\u00e1tulega l\u00f6ng, \u00e1 hreinu.\u201c<\/p>\n
Mikilv\u00e6gt a\u00f0 hanna g\u00f3\u00f0 \u00f6ryggisvesti<\/h3>\n
\u00de\u00f3tt ekki hafi veri\u00f0 h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 draga \u00e1lyktanir af \u00fev\u00ed hvort hj\u00e1lmanotkun hafi komi\u00f0 \u00ed veg fyrir h\u00f6fu\u00f0\u00e1verka vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 var ekki skr\u00e1\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e1 bendir allt til \u00feess. \u00dea\u00f0 er lj\u00f3st a\u00f0 h\u00f6fu\u00f0\u00e1verkar eru f\u00e6rri hj\u00e1 \u00feeim sem ver\u00f0a fyrir \u00e1verka \u00e1 hrygg h\u00e9r \u00e1 landi mi\u00f0a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0ur erlendra ranns\u00f3kna. \u00cd ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0um Eddu kemur fram a\u00f0 gagnsemi \u00f6ryggisvesta hefur veri\u00f0 mun minna ranns\u00f6ku\u00f0 en hj\u00e1lma og a\u00f0 sama skapi eru \u00feau almennt l\u00edti\u00f0 notu\u00f0. \u00cd \u00feeim ranns\u00f3knum sem \u00fe\u00f3 hafa veri\u00f0 ger\u00f0ar hefur ekki tekist a\u00f0 s\u00fdna fram \u00e1 a\u00f0 \u00f6ryggisvesti dragi \u00far \u00e1verkum \u00e1 bol vi\u00f0 hestaslys og a\u00f0 h\u00f6nnun vestanna s\u00e9 \u00e1b\u00f3tavant. Edda tekur undir ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0ur erlendra ranns\u00f3kna \u00fear sem bent er \u00e1 a\u00f0 hanna \u00feurfi \u00f6ryggisb\u00fana\u00f0 til a\u00f0 vernda hryggs\u00falu hestamanna og gerir s\u00e9r vonir um a\u00f0 me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 rannsaka hva\u00f0a sv\u00e6\u00f0i hryggjarins ver\u00f0a verst \u00fati \u00feegar knapi fellur af baki s\u00e9 h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 hanna \u00f6ryggisb\u00fana\u00f0 sem mundi \u00fe\u00e1 jafnframt vernda \u00f6nnur vi\u00f0kv\u00e6m sv\u00e6\u00f0i og l\u00edff\u00e6ri og ekki \u00ed\u00feyngja knapanum.<\/p>\n
N\u00e1nari uppl\u00fdsingar:<\/p>\n
B.S. ritger\u00f0 Eddu P\u00e1lsd\u00f3ttir<\/a><\/p>\n
\u00d6ryggi \u00ed hestamennsku. B\u00e6klingur V\u00cdS<\/a><\/p>\n